The “Ecology and Green Economy” student scientific club held its next training course on “Biodiversity and Its Conservation.” The training, organized by the club leader, Associate Professor Z.S. Bobomuradov, and club member Associate Professor E.I. Khammadova, included a roundtable discussion on the topic “The Expanding Impact of Humanity on Nature.”

The expanding impact of humanity on nature is related to modern technologies, population growth, and increasing economic activity. This impact is manifested in the following areas:

1. Land and Resource Use

   • Deforestation: Due to demands for agriculture, construction, and timber products, forest areas are shrinking. This leads to climate change and a decrease in biodiversity.
   • Land Development: Urbanization, infrastructure development, and expansion of agricultural lands are destroying natural landscapes.
   • Extraction of Minerals and Fossil Fuels: Over-exploitation of oil, gas, coal, and other resources leads to soil, water, and air pollution.

2. Impact on Water Resources

   • Irrigation Systems: Inefficient water use leads to the drying up of rivers and lakes (e.g., the Aral Sea).
   • Water Pollution: Industrial waste, agricultural chemicals, and domestic waste are polluting water sources.

3. Impact on the Atmosphere

   • Air Pollution: Gases emitted by factories, transportation, and energy systems intensify the greenhouse effect, leading to global warming and climate change.
   • Ozone Layer Depletion: Chemical substances (CFCs) destroy the ozone layer, allowing harmful ultraviolet rays to penetrate.

4. Decreasing Biodiversity

   • Loss of Flora and Fauna: Deforestation, expansion of agricultural lands, and urban development are destroying habitats of many species.
   • Invasive Species: Animals and plants introduced by humans to new areas disrupt local ecosystems.

5. Climate Change and Natural Disasters

   • Global Warming: An increase in greenhouse gases raises average temperatures, causing glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise.
   • Extreme Weather Events: Hurricanes, droughts, and floods are becoming more frequent due to human activity.

6. Chemical and Radioactive Pollution

   • Toxic Substances: Pesticides, fertilizers, and industrial waste are polluting soil and water.
   • Nuclear Waste: Radioactive materials pose long-term ecological risks.

7. Urbanization and Infrastructure
   The development of large cities is replacing natural environments with artificial ones, disrupting ecological balance.

All these impacts are changing the relationship between nature and humanity. To reduce them, it is necessary to strengthen sustainable development, ecological technologies, and responsible resource use.